World War I and the
Crisis of the European Global Order
Here is a list of important vocabulary from the chapter:
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Heir apparent to the
Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassinations in Sarajevo set in motion the events that
started WWI
Sarajevo
Administrative center of
the Bosnian province
of Austrian Empire; assassination there of Archduke Ferdinand in 1914 started WWI
Western Front
Front Established in World
War I; generally along the line from Belgium
to Switzerland;
featured trench warfare and horrendous casualties for all sides in the
conflict.
Nicholas II
Tsar of Russia
1894-1917; forcefully suppressed political opposition and resisted
constitutional government; deposed by revolution in 1917.
Gallipoli
Peninsula south of Istanbul; site of decisive 1915 Turkish victory over Australian and New
Zealand forves under British command during World War I
Armenian genocide
Assault carried out by
mainly Turkish military forces against Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915;
over a million Armenians perished and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East.
Eastern Front
Most mobile of the fronts
established during World War I; after early successes, military defeats led to
downfall of the tsarist government in Russia.
Adolf Hitler
Nazi leader of fascist
Germany from 1933 to his suicide in 1945; created a strongly centralized state
in Germany on aggresive foreign policy leading to World War II; responcible for
genocide of European Jews.
Georges Clemenceau
French Prime minister in
last years of World War I during Versailles Conference of 1919; pushed for
heavy reparations from Germans.
David Lloyd George
Prime minister of Great Britain
who headed a coalition government through much of World War I and the turbulent
years that followed
self determination
Right of people in a
region to determine whether to be independent or not
League of Nations
International diplomatic
and peace organizations created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended World
War I; one of the chief goals of President Woodrow Wilson of the United States in the peace negotiations; the United States
was never a member.
National Congress Party
Grew out of regional
associations of Western Educated Indians; originally centered in cities of Bombay, Poona, Calcutta, and Madras; became
political party in 1885; focus of nationalist movement in India; governed
through most of post colonial period.
Rowlatt Act
Placed severe restrictions
on key Indian civil rights such as freedom of the press; acted to offset the
concessions granted under Montagu-Chelmsford reforms
Mohandas Gandhi
Led sustained all-India
campaign for independence from British Empire
after World War 1; stressed nonviolent but aggressive mass protest.
satyagraha
Literally, "truth
force"; strategy of nonviolent protest, developed by Mohandas Gandhi and
hi followers in India; later
deployed throughout the colonized world and in the United States.
Dinshawai incident
Clash between British
soldiers and Egyptian villagers in 1906; arose over hunting accident along Nile River
where wife of prayer leader of mosque was accidentally shot by army officers
hunting pigeons; led to Egyptian protest movement.
Mandates
Governments entrusted to
European nations in the Middle East in the aftermath of World War 1; Britain occupied mandates in Syria, Iraq,
Lebanon, and Palestine after 1922.
Zionists
Members of a movement
originating in eastern Europe during the 1960s and 1870s that argued that the
Jews must return to a Middle Eastern holy land; eventually identified with the
settlement of Palestine
Balfour Declaration
British minister Lord
Balfour's promise of support for the establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine, issued in
1917.
Theodor Herzl
Austrian journalist and
Zionist; formed world Zionist Organization in 1897; promoted Jewish migration
to Palestine
and formation of a Jewish state.
Alfred Dreyfus
French Jew falsely accused
of passing military secrets to the Germans; his mistreatments and exile to
Devil's Island provided flash point for years of bitter debate between the left
and right in France.
World Zionist Organization
Founded by Theodore Herzl
to promote Jewish migration to and settlement in Palestine to form Zionist state
Marcus Garvey
African American political
leader; had a major impact on emerging African nationalist leaders in the 1920s
and 1930s.
W.E.B Du Bois
African American political
leader; had a major impact on emerging African nationalist leaders in the 1920s
and 1930s.
Pan-African
Organization that brought
together intellectuals and political leaders from areas of Africa
and African diaspora before and after World War 1
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